Ascomycota is a phylum of fungi kingdom fungi, members are commonly known as the sac fungi, characterized by a saclike structure, the ascus, which contains four to eight ascospores in the sexual stage references. While every effort has been made to provide the most reliable and uptodate information available, ultimate legal requirements with respect to species are contained in. Download fulltext pdf classification of marine ascomycota, basidiomycota, blastocladiomycota and chytridiomycota article pdf available in fungal diversity 731. Basidiomycota is a classification that describes a wide variety of organisms. Phylum basidiomycotathe basidiomycetes refer to chapter 6 in the textbook. Sequences were downloaded from genbank benson et al. The phylum basidiomycota, which includes mushrooms and their closest fungus relatives, are very. Basidiomycota, large and diverse phylum of fungi kingdom fungi that includes jelly and shelf fungi. The present work provides an overview of all validly published, currently used basidiomycete genera to date in a single document. Basidiomycetes relationship between some mushrooms and puffballs. Basidiomycota article about basidiomycota by the free. Ten thousand species of fungi have been described, but it is estimated that there are actually up to 1. Traditionally, in botany the term division has been used instead of phylum, although the international code of nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants accepts the terms as equivalent.
The majority of edible fungi belong to the phylum basidiomycota. Ascomycota simple english wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. This group includes most of the mushrooms and jelly fungi, as well as the plant parasites known as rusts and smuts. This is the phylum that you are probably most familiar with because it contains fungi which are generally referred to as gilled fungi or gilled mushrooms. General characteristics fungi are diverse and widespread. In this article we will discuss about the classification of phylum basidiomycota. Resolution of deep divergence of club fungi phylum.
Download acrobat pdf file 91kb multimedia component 1. Previously the entire basidiomycota were called basidiomycetes, an invalid class level. The main characteristics of the phylum basidiomycota include the formation of basidia on a fruiting body and the development of basidiospores, according to the tree of life web project. The phylum basidiomycota, which includes mushrooms and their closest fungus relatives, are very familiar to us. Wood decay basidiomycetes are central to the decomposition of recalcitrant. Classification of phylum basidiomycota fungi biology. This is one of five different types of spores produced in the complex life cycle of this organism. Basidiomycetes traditionally included four artificial classes. Mushrooms, the fruiting bodies of basidiomycetous fungi, contain substances of various kinds that are highly valued as medicines, flavourings and perfumes. What are the general characteristics of basidiomycetes. Phylum basidiomycota includes mushrooms, toadstools, puffballs, jelly fungi, rusts, smuts, and shelf fungi. The basidiospore on germination by germ tube gives rise to the haplophasic somatic body represented by primary mycelium. Basidiomycota a phylum of fungi, formerly classified as a class basidiomycetes or a subdivision basidiomycotina. Hymenomycetes, gasteromycetes, urediniomycetes, and ustilaginomycetes.
What are the main characteristics of phylum basidiomycota. Genera exist that are morphologically intermediate between mushrooms and. The basidiospores germinate to form septate hyphae or yeast cells. Basidiomycota is one of two large phyla that, together with the ascomycota, comprise the subkingdom dikarya often referred to as the higher fungi within the kingdom fungi, that includes jelly and shelf, or bracket, mushrooms, puffballs. Itis taxonomy is based on the latest scientific consensus available, and is provided as a general reference source for interested parties.
The general lifecycle pattern of the basidiomycetes has resemblance with that of the ascomycetes. The other sequences were downloaded from genbank, and their details are listed in supplementary table 1. Topic 2 phylum ascomycota 1 what is the difference. Presentations ppt, key, pdf logging in or signing up. The most familiar fungi are kitchen molds and mushrooms.
They are mostly filamentous fungi characterized by the production of basidia. Terms in this set 46 what is the common name for the basidiomycota. Basidiomycetes are the group of fungi that reproduce and are. Phylum basidiomycota whittaker ex moore basidium fungi this phylum, or division, is also known as the basidiomycetes previously at the level of class. Crucibulum vulgare, a species of birdsnest fungi, forms eggshaped basidiocarps and is a member of the phylum basidiomycota. This category is for stub articles relating to fungi of the phylum basidiomycota. Kingdom fungi the true fungi is a monophyletic group of eukaryotic heterotrophs that reproduce with spores and have chitinous cell walls. The third phylum of fungi, the basidiomycetes has about 22,000 named species. The basidiomycota constitutes a major phylum of the kingdom fungi and is second in species numbers to the ascomycota. Basidiomycota a taxonomic phylum within the kingdom fungi 30,000 species of fungi that produce spores from a basidium, the club fungi. It is estimated that there are about 30,000 species, and more species are being discovered all the time. The class basidiomycetes includes those members that produce their basidia and basidiospores on or in a basidiocarp.
Description of the phylum basidiomycota moore 1980 eukaryaopisthokontaunikontafungidikaryabasidiomycota. Teliospores of puccinia emerging from the culm of a wheat plant. Experiment specific questions topic 1 phylum basidiomycota part 1 whole herzing university nursing sc 165 fall 2014 unit 3 lab 1 fungi lab write up. The basidiomycota constitutes a major phylum of the kingdom fungi and is. Notes, outline and divergence times of basidiomycota springerlink. The class urediniomycetes includes the rust fungi, that cause rust diseases of plants, and symbiotic fungi that parasitise insects parasitising plants and form intricate fungal structures called fungal gardens. Jelly fungus is the common name for several species of the cosmopolitan order tremellales, including those of the genus tremella 40 species, so called because they have jellylike fruiting bodies.
Fruiting body production in basidiomycetes springerlink. Notes, outline and divergence times of basidiomycota. The agaricales is by far the largest order of basidiomycota. Study 11 phylum basidiomycota flashcards from stefanie l. Pdf the basidiomycota constitutes a major phylum of the kingdom fungi and is second in species numbers to the ascomycota. These are microscopic, often clubshaped end cells in. The bestknown fairy ring fungus has the scientific name. Subphylum basidiomycotina has many important features in common with the ascomycotina. Basidiomycota are unicellular or multicellular, sexual or asexual, and terrestrial or aquatic. Oomycota phylum is similar to chytridiomycota in that there are unicellular, short hyphal to mycelial members and in the latter mycelium is nonseptate except where reproductive structures occur. Indeed, basidiomycota are so variable that it is impossible to identify any morphological characteristics that are both unique to the group and constant in the group.
Pdf classification of marine ascomycota, basidiomycota. The oidia may behave as spores and give rise to primary mycelia, or. However, it is not a legal authority for statutory or regulatory purposes. Among the basidiomycetes are not only the mushrooms, toadstools, puffballs, jelly fungi, and shelf fungi, but also many important plant pathogens including rusts and smuts. An outline of all genera of basidiomycota is provided, which includes 1928 currently used genera names, with 1263. Sexual reproduction is by means of basidiospores produced externally on a clubshaped or cylindrical basidium. A longstanding question about the early evolution of club fungi phylum basidiomycota is the relationship between the three major groups, pucciniomycotina, ustilaginomycotina and agaricomycotina. Basidiomycota is one of two large divisions that, together with the ascomycota, constitute the. Called club fungi after the shape of the basidium the reproductive structure looks like the club suit in playing cards. The fourth, and final, division in the kingdom fungi that we will cover is the phylum basidiomycota fig. Topic 2 phylum ascomycota 1 what is the difference between. Basidiomycota agaricomycotina agaricomycetes agaricomycetidae agaricales agaricaceae secotium nidularia mycocalia bovista montagnites leucocoprinus lepiota. Phylum basidiomycota at union university studyblue. Pdf fungi of the basidiomycota, representing major pathogen lineages and mushroomforming species, exhibit diverse means to achieve.
However, the group also contains some microscopic fungi, including the important rust fungi and smut fungi that parasitise plants see biotrophic parasites, and some yeasts. These occur in all three subphyla of basidiomycota, namely agaricomycotina, pucciniomycotina and ustilaginomycotina bauer et al. Basidiomycota are filamentous fungi composed of hyphae except for basidiomycotayeast. Basidiomycota is one of two large phyla that, together with the ascomycota, comprise the subkingdom dikarya often referred to as the higher fungi within the kingdom fungi, that includes jelly and shelf, or bracket, mushrooms, puffballs, and stinkhorns. Basidiomycota is ane o twa lairge phyla that, thegither wi the ascomycota, constitute the subkingdom dikarya eften referred tae as the heicher fungi within the kinrick fungi references. Members of the phylum basidiomycota have typical fungal morphology, with diploid zygotes called. Pages in category basidiomycota stubs the following 150 pages are in this category, out of 150 total. Formation of the clamp connection on the dikaryotic filaments d. Basidiomycota definition, the basidiomycetes considered as belonging to the phylum basidiomycota of the kingdom fungi.
The fungal group basidiomycota is best known for the production of large fruitbodies such as the mushrooms, puffballs, brackets, etc. The most diagnostic feature is the production of basidia sing. Pdf the simpleseptate basidiomycetes comprise more than 8000 species that. Introduction to the basidiomycota the basidiomycota are those organisms that produce sexual spores basidiospores on basidia often these are borne on distinctive basidiocarps or basidioma. Sem micrograph of the distal end of a basidium with its four basidiospores, each attached at the end of a sterigma b. A sixgene phylogenetic overview of basidiomycota and allied phyla. Differ from chytridiomycota in that cell wall component is usually cellulose and life cycles are always gametic. Pdf notes, outline and divergence times of basidiomycota. However, with over 25,000 classified species, it also houses diverse members such. The diagnostic characteristics of the basidiomycetes are the presence of basidium bearing basidiospores, clamp connections and doliopore septa the visible part of the fungus is the sporocarp, the basidiocarp or basidiome basidium originates from a binucleated structure where the karyogamy and the meiosis occur. Basidia are often grouped together on fruiting structures, such as mushrooms, puffballs, and bracket fungi.
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